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Standard library header <algorithm>

From cppreference.net
Standard library headers

Cet en-tête fait partie de la bibliothèque algorithm .

Table des matières

Inclusions

std::initializer_list modèle de classe

Classes

Défini dans l'espace de noms std::ranges
Types de retour (C++20)
fournit un moyen de stocker un itérateur et un objet fonction comme une seule unité
(modèle de classe)
fournit un moyen de stocker deux itérateurs comme une seule unité
(modèle de classe)
fournit un moyen de stocker deux itérateurs comme une seule unité
(modèle de classe)
fournit un moyen de stocker trois itérateurs comme une seule unité
(modèle de classe)
fournit un moyen de stocker trois itérateurs comme une seule unité
(modèle de classe)
fournit un moyen de stocker deux objets ou références du même type en tant qu'unité unique
(modèle de classe)
fournit un moyen de stocker un itérateur et un indicateur booléen comme une seule unité
(modèle de classe)
fournit un moyen de stocker un itérateur et une valeur comme une seule unité
(modèle de classe)
fournit un moyen de stocker un itérateur et une valeur comme une seule unité
(modèle de classe)

Fonctions

Opérations de séquence non modifiantes
(C++11) (C++11) (C++11)
vérifie si un prédicat est true pour tous, certains ou aucun des éléments dans une plage
(modèle de fonction)
applique un objet fonction unaire aux éléments d'un intervalle
(modèle de fonction)
(C++17)
applique un objet fonction aux N premiers éléments d'une séquence
(modèle de fonction)
renvoie le nombre d'éléments satisfaisant des critères spécifiques
(modèle de fonction)
trouve la première position où deux plages diffèrent
(modèle de fonction)
trouve le premier élément satisfaisant des critères spécifiques
(modèle de fonction)
trouve la dernière séquence d'éléments dans une certaine plage
(modèle de fonction)
recherche l'un quelconque des éléments d'un ensemble
(modèle de fonction)
trouve les deux premiers éléments adjacents qui sont égaux (ou qui satisfont un prédicat donné)
(modèle de fonction)
recherche la première occurrence d'une séquence d'éléments
(modèle de fonction)
recherche la première occurrence d'un nombre de copies consécutives d'un élément dans une plage
(modèle de fonction)
Opérations de modification de séquence
copie une série d'éléments vers un nouvel emplacement
(modèle de fonction)
(C++11)
copie un nombre d'éléments vers un nouvel emplacement
(modèle de fonction)
copie une plage d'éléments dans l'ordre inverse
(modèle de fonction)
(C++11)
déplace une plage d'éléments vers un nouvel emplacement
(modèle de fonction)
déplace une plage d'éléments vers un nouvel emplacement dans l'ordre inverse
(modèle de fonction)
assigner par copie la valeur donnée à chaque élément d'une plage
(modèle de fonction)
assigner par copie la valeur donnée à N éléments dans une plage
(modèle de fonction)
applique une fonction à une plage d'éléments, stockant les résultats dans une plage de destination
(modèle de fonction)
assigne les résultats d'appels successifs de fonction à chaque élément d'une plage
(modèle de fonction)
assigne les résultats d'appels successifs de fonction à N éléments dans une plage
(modèle de fonction)
supprime les éléments satisfaisant des critères spécifiques
(modèle de fonction)
copie une plage d'éléments en omettant ceux qui satisfont des critères spécifiques
(modèle de fonction)
remplace toutes les valeurs satisfaisant des critères spécifiques par une autre valeur
(modèle de fonction)
copie une plage d'éléments en remplaçant les éléments satisfaisant des critères spécifiques par une autre valeur
(modèle de fonction)
échange les valeurs de deux objets
(modèle de fonction)
échange deux plages d'éléments
(modèle de fonction)
échange les éléments pointés par deux itérateurs
(modèle de fonction)
inverse l'ordre des éléments dans une plage
(modèle de fonction)
crée une copie d'une plage qui est inversée
(modèle de fonction)
fait pivoter l'ordre des éléments dans une plage
(modèle de fonction)
copie et fait pivoter une plage d'éléments
(modèle de fonction)
décale les éléments dans une plage
(modèle de fonction)
(until C++17) (C++11)
réorganise aléatoirement les éléments dans une plage
(modèle de fonction)
(C++17)
sélectionne N éléments aléatoires d'une séquence
(modèle de fonction)
supprime les éléments en double consécutifs dans une plage
(modèle de fonction)
crée une copie d'une plage d'éléments qui ne contient pas de doublons consécutifs
(modèle de fonction)
Opérations de partitionnement
détermine si la plage est partitionnée par le prédicat donné
(modèle de fonction)
divise une plage d'éléments en deux groupes
(modèle de fonction)
copie une plage en divisant les éléments en deux groupes
(modèle de fonction)
divise les éléments en deux groupes tout en préservant leur ordre relatif
(modèle de fonction)
localise le point de partition d'une plage partitionnée
(modèle de fonction)
Opérations de tri
(C++11)
vérifie si une plage est triée en ordre croissant
(modèle de fonction)
trouve le plus grand sous-intervalle trié
(modèle de fonction)
trie une plage en ordre croissant
(modèle de fonction)
trie les N premiers éléments d'une plage
(modèle de fonction)
copie et trie partiellement une plage d'éléments
(modèle de fonction)
trie une plage d'éléments en préservant l'ordre entre les éléments égaux
(modèle de fonction)
trie partiellement la plage donnée en s'assurant qu'elle est partitionnée par l'élément donné
(modèle de fonction)
Opérations de recherche binaire (sur des plages triées)
retourne un itérateur vers le premier élément non inférieur à la valeur donnée
(modèle de fonction)
retourne un itérateur vers le premier élément supérieur à une certaine valeur
(modèle de fonction)
détermine si un élément existe dans une plage partiellement ordonnée
(modèle de fonction)
retourne la plage d'éléments correspondant à une clé spécifique
(modèle de fonction)
Autres opérations sur les plages triées
fusionne deux plages triées
(modèle de fonction)
fusionne deux plages ordonnées en place
(modèle de fonction)
Opérations sur les ensembles (sur des plages triées)
renvoie true si une séquence est une sous-séquence d'une autre
(modèle de fonction)
calcule la différence entre deux ensembles
(modèle de fonction)
calcule l'intersection de deux ensembles
(modèle de fonction)
calcule la différence symétrique entre deux ensembles
(modèle de fonction)
calcule l'union de deux ensembles
(modèle de fonction)
Opérations sur le tas
(C++11)
vérifie si la plage donnée est un tas maximum
(modèle de fonction)
trouve la plus grande sous-plage qui est un tas maximum
(modèle de fonction)
crée un tas maximal à partir d'une plage d'éléments
(modèle de fonction)
ajoute un élément à un tas max
(modèle de fonction)
supprime le plus grand élément d'un tas maximum
(modèle de fonction)
transforme un tas maximum en une plage d'éléments triés par ordre croissant
(modèle de fonction)
Opérations minimum/maximum
renvoie la plus grande des valeurs données
(modèle de fonction)
renvoie le plus grand élément dans une plage
(modèle de fonction)
renvoie la plus petite des valeurs données
(modèle de fonction)
renvoie le plus petit élément dans une plage
(modèle de fonction)
(C++11)
renvoie le plus petit et le plus grand de deux éléments
(modèle de fonction)
renvoie les plus petits et les plus grands éléments dans une plage
(modèle de fonction)
(C++17)
limite une valeur entre une paire de valeurs limites
(modèle de fonction)
Opérations de comparaison
détermine si deux ensembles d'éléments sont identiques
(modèle de fonction)
renvoie true si une plage est lexicographiquement inférieure à une autre
(modèle de fonction)
compare deux plages en utilisant la comparaison à trois voies
(modèle de fonction)
Opérations de permutation
détermine si une séquence est une permutation d'une autre séquence
(modèle de fonction)
génère la prochaine permutation lexicographique supérieure d'une plage d'éléments
(modèle de fonction)
génère la permutation lexicographique suivante plus petite d'une plage d'éléments
(modèle de fonction)

Entités de type fonction (C++20)

Défini dans l'espace de noms std::ranges
Opérations de séquence non modifiantes
vérifie si un prédicat est true pour tous, certains ou aucun des éléments d'une plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
applique un objet fonction unaire aux éléments d'un intervalle
(objet fonction d'algorithme)
applique un objet fonction aux N premiers éléments d'une séquence
(objet fonction algorithme)
retourne le nombre d'éléments satisfaisant des critères spécifiques
(objet fonction algorithme)
trouve la première position où deux plages diffèrent
(objet fonction algorithme)
trouve le premier élément satisfaisant des critères spécifiques
(objet fonction algorithme)
trouve le dernier élément satisfaisant des critères spécifiques
(objet fonction algorithme)
trouve la dernière séquence d'éléments dans une certaine plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
recherche l'un quelconque des éléments d'un ensemble
(objet fonction algorithme)
trouve les deux premiers éléments adjacents qui sont égaux (ou satisfont un prédicat donné)
(objet fonction algorithme)
recherche la première occurrence d'une plage d'éléments
(objet fonction algorithme)
recherche la première occurrence d'un nombre de copies consécutives d'un élément dans une plage
(objet fonction d'algorithme)
vérifie si la plage contient l'élément ou la sous-plage donnée
(objet fonction algorithme)
vérifie si une plage commence par une autre plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
vérifie si une plage se termine par une autre plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
Opérations de repli
plie à gauche une plage d'éléments
(objet fonction algorithme)
plie à gauche une plage d'éléments en utilisant le premier élément comme valeur initiale
(objet fonction algorithme)
plie à droite une plage d'éléments
(objet fonction algorithme)
effectue un pliage à droite d'une plage d'éléments en utilisant le dernier élément comme valeur initiale
(objet fonction algorithme)
réduit par la gauche une plage d'éléments et retourne une paire (itérateur, valeur)
(objet fonction algorithme)
Effectue un pliage à gauche d'une plage d'éléments en utilisant le premier élément comme valeur initiale, et retourne une paire (itérateur, optional )
(objet fonction algorithme)
Opérations de modification de séquence
copie une plage d'éléments vers un nouvel emplacement
(objet fonction algorithme)
copie un certain nombre d'éléments vers un nouvel emplacement
(objet fonction algorithme)
copie une plage d'éléments dans l'ordre inverse
(objet fonction algorithme)
déplace une plage d'éléments vers un nouvel emplacement
(objet fonction algorithme)
déplace une plage d'éléments vers un nouvel emplacement dans l'ordre inverse
(objet fonction algorithme)
assigne une plage d'éléments à une certaine valeur
(objet fonction algorithme)
assigne une valeur à un nombre d'éléments
(objet fonction algorithme)
applique une fonction à une plage d'éléments
(objet fonction algorithme)
sauvegarde le résultat d'une fonction dans une plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
sauvegarde le résultat de N applications d'une fonction
(objet fonction algorithme)
supprime les éléments satisfaisant des critères spécifiques
(objet fonction algorithme)
copie une plage d'éléments en omettant ceux qui satisfont des critères spécifiques
(objet fonction algorithme)
remplace toutes les valeurs satisfaisant des critères spécifiques par une autre valeur
(objet fonction algorithme)
copie une plage en remplaçant les éléments satisfaisant des critères spécifiques par une autre valeur
(objet fonction algorithme)
échange deux plages d'éléments
(objet fonction algorithme)
inverse l'ordre des éléments dans une plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
crée une copie d'une plage qui est inversée
(objet fonction algorithme)
fait pivoter l'ordre des éléments dans une plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
copie et fait pivoter une plage d'éléments
(objet fonction algorithme)
décale les éléments dans une plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
sélectionne N éléments aléatoires d'une séquence
(objet fonction algorithme)
réorganise aléatoirement les éléments dans une plage
(fonction objet algorithme)
supprime les éléments dupliqués consécutifs dans une plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
crée une copie d'une plage d'éléments qui ne contient pas de doublons consécutifs
(objet fonction algorithme)
Opérations de partitionnement
détermine si la plage est partitionnée par le prédicat donné
(objet fonction algorithme)
divise une plage d'éléments en deux groupes
(objet fonction algorithme)
copie une plage en divisant les éléments en deux groupes
(objet fonction algorithme)
divise les éléments en deux groupes tout en préservant leur ordre relatif
(objet fonction algorithme)
localise le point de partition d'une plage partitionnée
(objet fonction algorithme)
Opérations de tri
vérifie si une plage est triée par ordre croissant
(objet fonction algorithme)
trouve la plus grande sous-plage triée
(objet fonction algorithme)
trie une plage en ordre croissant
(objet fonction algorithme)
trie les N premiers éléments d'une plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
copie et trie partiellement une plage d'éléments
(objet fonction algorithme)
trie une plage d'éléments en préservant l'ordre entre les éléments égaux
(objet fonction algorithme)
trie partiellement la plage donnée en s'assurant qu'elle est partitionnée par l'élément donné
(objet fonction algorithme)
Opérations de recherche binaire (sur des plages triées)
retourne un itérateur vers le premier élément non inférieur à la valeur donnée
(objet fonction algorithme)
retourne un itérateur vers le premier élément supérieur à une certaine valeur
(objet fonction algorithme)
détermine si un élément existe dans une plage partiellement ordonnée
(objet fonction algorithme)
retourne la plage d'éléments correspondant à une clé spécifique
(objet fonction algorithme)
Autres opérations sur les plages triées
fusionne deux plages triées
(objet fonction algorithme)
fusionne deux plages ordonnées en place
(objet fonction algorithme)
Opérations sur les ensembles (sur plages triées)
renvoie true si une séquence est une sous-séquence d'une autre
(objet fonction algorithme)
calcule la différence entre deux ensembles
(objet fonction algorithme)
calcule l'intersection de deux ensembles
(objet fonction algorithme)
calcule la différence symétrique entre deux ensembles
(objet fonction algorithme)
calcule l'union de deux ensembles
(objet fonction algorithme)
Opérations sur les tas
vérifie si la plage donnée est un tas maximum
(objet fonction algorithme)
trouve le plus grand sous-intervalle qui est un tas maximum
(objet fonction algorithme)
crée un tas maximum à partir d'une plage d'éléments
(objet fonction algorithme)
ajoute un élément à un tas maximum
(objet fonction algorithme)
supprime le plus grand élément d'un tas maximum
(objet fonction algorithme)
transforme un tas maximum en une plage d'éléments triés par ordre croissant
(objet fonction algorithme)
Opérations minimum/maximum
retourne la plus grande des valeurs données
(objet fonction algorithme)
retourne le plus grand élément dans une plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
renvoie la plus petite des valeurs données
(objet fonction algorithme)
retourne le plus petit élément dans une plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
retourne le plus petit et le plus grand de deux éléments
(objet fonction algorithme)
retourne les plus petits et les plus grands éléments dans une plage
(objet fonction algorithme)
limite une valeur entre une paire de valeurs limites
(fonction objet d'algorithme)
Opérations de comparaison
détermine si deux ensembles d'éléments sont identiques
(objet fonction algorithme)
retourne true si une plage est lexicographiquement inférieure à une autre
(objet fonction algorithme)
Opérations de permutation
détermine si une séquence est une permutation d'une autre séquence
(objet fonction algorithme)
génère la prochaine permutation lexicographique supérieure d'une plage d'éléments
(objet fonction algorithme)
génère la permutation lexicographique précédente d'une plage d'éléments
(objet fonction algorithme)

Synopsis

// principalement autonome
#include <initializer_list>
namespace std {
  namespace ranges {
    // types de résultats d'algorithmes
    template<class I, class F>
      struct in_fun_result;
    template<class I1, class I2>
      struct in_in_result;
    template<class I, class O>
      struct in_out_result;
    template<class I1, class I2, class O>
      struct in_in_out_result;
    template<class I, class O1, class O2>
      struct in_out_out_result;
    template<class T>
      struct min_max_result;
    template<class I>
      struct in_found_result;
    template<class I, class T>
      struct in_value_result;
    template<class O, class T>
      struct out_value_result;
  }
  // opérations de séquence non modifiantes
  // tout de
  template<class InputIter, class Pred>
    constexpr bool all_of(InputIter first, InputIter last, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Pred>
    bool all_of(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr bool all_of(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr bool all_of(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // n'importe lequel
  template<class InputIter, class Pred>
    constexpr bool any_of(InputIter first, InputIter last, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Pred>
    bool any_of(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr bool any_of(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr bool any_of(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // aucun de
  template<class InputIter, class Pred>
    constexpr bool none_of(InputIter first, InputIter last, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Pred>
    bool none_of(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                 ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr bool none_of(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr bool none_of(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // contient
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<I, Proj>>
      requires indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
      constexpr bool contains(I first, S last, const T& value, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>>
      requires indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to,
                                         projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*>
      constexpr bool contains(R&& r, const T& value, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1,
             forward_iterator I2, sentinel_for<I2> S2,
             class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj1 = identity,
             class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr bool contains_subrange(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
                                       Pred pred = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {},
                                       Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<forward_range R1, forward_range R2,
             class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj1 = identity,
             class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr bool contains_subrange(R1&& r1, R2&& r2,
                                       Pred pred = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {},
                                       Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  // pour chaque
  template<class InputIter, class Function>
    constexpr Function for_each(InputIter first, InputIter last, Function f);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Function>
    void for_each(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                  ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Function f);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class F>
      using for_each_result = in_fun_result<I, F>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirectly_unary_invocable<projected<I, Proj>> Fun>
      constexpr for_each_result<I, Fun>
        for_each(I first, S last, Fun f, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirectly_unary_invocable<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Fun>
      constexpr for_each_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, Fun>
        for_each(R&& r, Fun f, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class InputIter, class Size, class Function>
    constexpr InputIter for_each_n(InputIter first, Size n, Function f);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Size, class Function>
    ForwardIter for_each_n(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                           ForwardIter first, Size n, Function f);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class F>
      using for_each_n_result = in_fun_result<I, F>;
    template<input_iterator I, class Proj = identity,
             indirectly_unary_invocable<projected<I, Proj>> Fun>
      constexpr for_each_n_result<I, Fun>
        for_each_n(I first, iter_difference_t<I> n, Fun f, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // trouver
  template<class InputIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<InputIter>::value_type>
    constexpr InputIter find(InputIter first, InputIter last, const T& value);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<InputIter>::value_type>
    ForwardIter find(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                     ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, const T& value);
  template<class InputIter, class Pred>
    constexpr InputIter find_if(InputIter first, InputIter last, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Pred>
    ForwardIter find_if(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                        ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Pred pred);
  template<class InputIter, class Pred>
    constexpr InputIter find_if_not(InputIter first, InputIter last, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Pred>
    ForwardIter find_if_not(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                            ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity
             class T = projected_value_t<I, Proj>>
      requires indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
      constexpr I find(I first, S last, const T& value, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>>
      requires indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to,
                                         projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        find(R&& r, const T& value, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr I find_if(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        find_if(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr I find_if_not(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        find_if_not(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // trouver dernier
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class T, class Proj = identity>
      requires indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
      constexpr subrange<I> find_last(I first, S last, const T& value, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class T, class Proj = identity>
      requires
        indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to,
            projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R> find_last(R&& r, const T& value, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr subrange<I> find_last_if(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R> find_last_if(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr subrange<I> find_last_if_not(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R> find_last_if_not(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // trouver la fin
  template<class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    constexpr ForwardIter1
      find_end(ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
               ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2);
  template<class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr ForwardIter1
      find_end(ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
               ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
               BinaryPred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    ForwardIter1
      find_end(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
               ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1,
           class ForwardIter2, class BinaryPred>
    ForwardIter1
      find_end(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
               ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
               BinaryPred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, forward_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr subrange<I1>
        find_end(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
                 Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<forward_range R1, forward_range R2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R1>
        find_end(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                 Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  // trouver premier
  template<class InputIter, class ForwardIter>
    constexpr InputIter
      find_first_of(InputIter first1, InputIter last1,
                    ForwardIter first2, ForwardIter last2);
  template<class InputIter, class ForwardIter, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr InputIter
      find_first_of(InputIter first1, InputIter last1,
                    ForwardIter first2, ForwardIter last2,
                    BinaryPred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    ForwardIter1
      find_first_of(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                    ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                    ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1,
           class ForwardIter2, class BinaryPred>
    ForwardIter1
      find_first_of(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                    ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                    ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
                    BinaryPred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, forward_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr I1 find_first_of(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
                                 Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, forward_range R2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R1>
        find_first_of(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                      Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  // recherche d'éléments adjacents
  template<class ForwardIter>
    constexpr ForwardIter adjacent_find(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ForwardIter, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr ForwardIter adjacent_find(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                                        BinaryPred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter adjacent_find(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                              ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class BinaryPred>
    ForwardIter adjacent_find(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                              ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, BinaryPred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_binary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>,
                                       projected<I, Proj>> Pred = ranges::equal_to>
      constexpr I adjacent_find(I first, S last, Pred pred = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_binary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>,
                                       projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>>
                                         Pred = ranges::equal_to>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        adjacent_find(R&& r, Pred pred = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // compter
  template<class InputIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<InputIter>::value_type>
    constexpr typename iterator_traits<InputIter>::difference_type
      count(InputIter first, InputIter last, const T& value);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<InputIterator>::value_type>
    typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::difference_type
      count(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
            ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, const T& value);
  template<class InputIter, class Pred>
    constexpr typename iterator_traits<InputIter>::difference_type
      count_if(InputIter first, InputIter last, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Pred>
    typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::difference_type
      count_if(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<I, Proj>>
      requires indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
      constexpr iter_difference_t<I>
        count(I first, S last, const T& value, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>>
      requires indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to,
                                         projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*>
      constexpr range_difference_t<R>
        count(R&& r, const T& value, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr iter_difference_t<I>
        count_if(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr range_difference_t<R>
        count_if(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // mismatch
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2>
    constexpr pair<InputIter1, InputIter2>
      mismatch(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
               InputIter2 first2);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr pair<InputIter1, InputIter2>
      mismatch(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
               InputIter2 first2, BinaryPred pred);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2>
    constexpr pair<InputIter1, InputIter2>
      mismatch(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
               InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr pair<InputIter1, InputIter2>
      mismatch(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
               InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2,
               BinaryPred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    pair<ForwardIter1, ForwardIter2>
      mismatch(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
               ForwardIter2 first2);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class BinaryPred>
    pair<ForwardIter1, ForwardIter2>
      mismatch(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
               ForwardIter2 first2, BinaryPred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    pair<ForwardIter1, ForwardIter2>
      mismatch(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
               ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class BinaryPred>
    pair<ForwardIter1, ForwardIter2>
      mismatch(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
               ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
               BinaryPred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I1, class I2>
      using mismatch_result = in_in_result<I1, I2>;
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj1 = identity,
             class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr mismatch_result<I1, I2>
        mismatch(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
                 Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2,
             class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj1 = identity,
             class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr mismatch_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R1>, borrowed_iterator_t<R2>>
        mismatch(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                 Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  // égal
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2>
    constexpr bool equal(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                         InputIter2 first2);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr bool equal(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                         InputIter2 first2, BinaryPred pred);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2>
    constexpr bool equal(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                         InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr bool equal(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                         InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2,
                         BinaryPred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    bool equal(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
               ForwardIter2 first2);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class BinaryPred>
    bool equal(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
               ForwardIter2 first2, BinaryPred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    bool equal(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
               ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class BinaryPred>
    bool equal(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
               ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
               BinaryPred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj1 = identity,
             class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr bool equal(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
                           Pred pred = {},
                           Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr bool equal(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                           Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  // est une permutation
  template<class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    constexpr bool is_permutation(ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                                  ForwardIter2 first2);
  template<class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr bool is_permutation(ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                                  ForwardIter2 first2, BinaryPred pred);
  template<class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    constexpr bool is_permutation(ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                                  ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2);
  template<class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr bool is_permutation(ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                                  ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
                                  BinaryPred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, forward_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity,
             indirect_equivalence_relation<projected<I1, Proj1>,
                                           projected<I2, Proj2>> Pred = ranges::equal_to>
      constexpr bool is_permutation(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
                                    Pred pred = {},
                                    Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<forward_range R1, forward_range R2,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity,
             indirect_equivalence_relation<projected<iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,
                                           projected<iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>>
                                           Pred = ranges::equal_to>
      constexpr bool is_permutation(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                                    Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  // recherche
  template<class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    constexpr ForwardIter1
      search(ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
             ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2);
  template<class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr ForwardIter1
      search(ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
             ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2, BinaryPred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    ForwardIter1
      search(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
             ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
             ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class BinaryPred>
    ForwardIter1
      search(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
             ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
             ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2, BinaryPred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, forward_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr subrange<I1>
        search(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
               Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<forward_range R1, forward_range R2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R1>
        search(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
               Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  template<class ForwardIter, class Size,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    constexpr ForwardIter
      search_n(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
               Size count, const T& value);
  template<class ForwardIter, class Size,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr ForwardIter
      search_n(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
               Size count, const T& value, BinaryPred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Size,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    ForwardIter
      search_n(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
               Size count, const T& value);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Size,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type, class BinaryPred>
    ForwardIter
      search_n(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
               ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
               Size count, const T& value, BinaryPred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<I, Proj>>
      requires indirectly_comparable<I, const T*, Pred, Proj>
      constexpr subrange<I>
        search_n(I first, S last, iter_difference_t<I> count,
                 const T& value, Pred pred = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Pred = ranges::equal_to, class Proj = identity,
             projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>>
      requires indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<R>, const T*, Pred, Proj>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R>
        search_n(R&& r, range_difference_t<R> count,
                 const T& value, Pred pred = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class ForwardIter, class Searcher>
    constexpr ForwardIter
      search(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, const Searcher& searcher);
  namespace ranges {
    // commence par
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr bool starts_with(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
                                 Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr bool starts_with(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                                 Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    // se termine par
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires (forward_iterator<I1> || sized_sentinel_for<S1, I1>) &&
               (forward_iterator<I2> || sized_sentinel_for<S2, I2>) &&
               indirectly_comparable<I1, I2, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr bool ends_with(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Pred pred = {},
                               Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2, class Pred = ranges::equal_to,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires (forward_range<R1> || sized_range<R1>) &&
               (forward_range<R2> || sized_range<R2>) &&
               indirectly_comparable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, Pred, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr bool ends_with(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Pred pred = {},
                               Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    // plier
    template<class F>
    class /* inversé */ {   // exposition uniquement
      F f;                  // exposition uniquement
    public:
      template<class T, class U> requires invocable<F&, U, T>
      invoke_result_t<F&, U, T> operator()(T&&, U&&);
    };
    template<class F, class T, class I, class U>
      concept /* indirectly-binary-left-foldable-impl */ =  // exposition uniquement
        movable<T> && movable<U> &&
        convertible_to<T, U> && invocable<F&, U, iter_reference_t<I>> &&
        assignable_from<U&, invoke_result_t<F&, U, iter_reference_t<I>>>;
    template<class F, class T, class I>
      concept /* indirectement-pliable-binaire-à-gauche */ =       // exposition uniquement
        copy_constructible<F> && indirectly_readable<I> &&
        invocable<F&, T, iter_reference_t<I>> &&
        convertible_to<invoke_result_t<F&, T, iter_reference_t<I>>,
               decay_t<invoke_result_t<F&, T, iter_reference_t<I>>>> &&
        /* indirectly-binary-left-foldable-impl */
             <F, T, I, decay_t<invoke_result_t<F&, T, iter_reference_t<I>>>>;
    template<class F, class T, class I>
      concept /* indirectement-pliable-droite-binaire */ =      // exposition uniquement
        /* indirectement-pliable-binaire-à-gauche */</* inversé */<F>, T, I>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class T = iter_value_t<I>,
             /* indirectement-pliable-binaire-à-gauche */<T, I> F>
      constexpr auto fold_left(I first, S last, T init, F f);
    template<input_range R, class T = range_value_t<R>,
             /* indirectement-pliable-binaire-à-gauche */<T, iterator_t<R>> F>
      constexpr auto fold_left(R&& r, T init, F f);
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             /* indirectement-binaire-pliage-gauche */<iter_value_t<I>, I> F>
      requires constructible_from<iter_value_t<I>, iter_reference_t<I>>
      constexpr auto fold_left_first(I first, S last, F f);
    template<input_range R,
             /* indirectement-pliable-binaire-à-gauche */<range_value_t<R>, iterator_t<R>> F>
      requires constructible_from<range_value_t<R>, range_reference_t<R>>
      constexpr auto fold_left_first(R&& r, F f);
    template<bidirectional_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class T = iter_value_t<I>,
             /* indirectement-pliable-droite-binaire */<T, I> F>
      constexpr auto fold_right(I first, S last, T init, F f);
    template<bidirectional_range R, class T = range_value_t<R>,
             /* indirectement-pliable-droite-binaire */<T, iterator_t<R>> F>
      constexpr auto fold_right(R&& r, T init, F f);
    template<bidirectional_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             /* indirectement-pliable-droite-binaire */<iter_value_t<I>, I> F>
      requires constructible_from<iter_value_t<I>, iter_reference_t<I>>
    constexpr auto fold_right_last(I first, S last, F f);
    template<bidirectional_range R,
             /* indirectement-pliable-droite-binaire */<range_value_t<R>, iterator_t<R>> F>
      requires constructible_from<range_value_t<R>, range_reference_t<R>>
      constexpr auto fold_right_last(R&& r, F f);
    template<class I, class T>
      using fold_left_with_iter_result = in_value_result<I, T>;
    template<class I, class T>
      using fold_left_first_with_iter_result = in_value_result<I, T>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class T = iter_value_t<I>,
             /* indirectement-pliable-binaire-à-gauche */<T, I> F>
      constexpr /* voir description */ fold_left_with_iter(I first, S last, T init, F f);
    template<input_range R, class T = range_value_t<R>,
             /* indirectement-binaire-pliage-gauche */<T, iterator_t<R>> F>
      constexpr /* voir description */ fold_left_with_iter(R&& r, T init, F f);
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             /* indirectement-pliable-binaire-à-gauche */<iter_value_t<I>, I> F>
      requires constructible_from<iter_value_t<I>, iter_reference_t<I>>
      constexpr /* voir description */ fold_left_first_with_iter(I first, S last, F f);
    template<input_range R,
             /* indirectement-pliable-binaire-à-gauche */<range_value_t<R>, iterator_t<R>> F>
      requires constructible_from<range_value_t<R>, range_reference_t<R>>
      constexpr /* voir description */ fold_left_first_with_iter(R&& r, F f);
  }
  // opérations de mutation de séquence
  // copie
  template<class InputIter, class OutputIter>
    constexpr OutputIter copy(InputIter first, InputIter last,
                              OutputIter result);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    ForwardIter2 copy(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                      ForwardIter1 first, ForwardIter1 last,
                      ForwardIter2 result);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O>
      using copy_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, weakly_incrementable O>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I, O>
      constexpr copy_result<I, O> copy(I first, S last, O result);
    template<input_range R, weakly_incrementable O>
      requires indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, O>
      constexpr copy_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O> copy(R&& r, O result);
  }
  template<class InputIter, class Size, class OutputIter>
    constexpr OutputIter copy_n(InputIter first, Size n, OutputIter result);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy,
           class ForwardIter1, class Size, class ForwardIter2>
    ForwardIter2 copy_n(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                        ForwardIter1 first, Size n, ForwardIter2 result);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O>
      using copy_n_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<input_iterator I, weakly_incrementable O>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I, O>
      constexpr copy_n_result<I, O> copy_n(I first, iter_difference_t<I> n, O result);
  }
  template<class InputIter, class OutputIter, class Pred>
    constexpr OutputIter copy_if(InputIter first, InputIter last,
                                 OutputIter result, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy,
           class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2, class Pred>
    ForwardIter2 copy_if(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                         ForwardIter1 first, ForwardIter1 last,
                         ForwardIter2 result, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O>
      using copy_if_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, weakly_incrementable O,
             class Proj = identity, indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I, O>
      constexpr copy_if_result<I, O>
        copy_if(I first, S last, O result, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      requires indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, O>
      constexpr copy_if_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>
        copy_if(R&& r, O result, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class BidirectionalIter1, class BidirectionalIter2>
    constexpr BidirectionalIter2
      copy_backward(BidirectionalIter1 first, BidirectionalIter1 last,
                    BidirectionalIter2 result);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I1, class I2>
      using copy_backward_result = in_out_result<I1, I2>;
    template<bidirectional_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, bidirectional_iterator I2>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I1, I2>
      constexpr copy_backward_result<I1, I2>
        copy_backward(I1 first, S1 last, I2 result);
    template<bidirectional_range R, bidirectional_iterator I>
      requires indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, I>
      constexpr copy_backward_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, I>
        copy_backward(R&& r, I result);
  }
  // déplacer
  template<class InputIter, class OutputIter>
    constexpr OutputIter move(InputIter first, InputIter last, OutputIter result);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1,
           class ForwardIter2>
    ForwardIter2 move(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                      ForwardIter1 first, ForwardIter1 last, ForwardIter2 result);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O>
      using move_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, weakly_incrementable O>
      requires indirectly_movable<I, O>
      constexpr move_result<I, O> move(I first, S last, O result);
    template<input_range R, weakly_incrementable O>
      requires indirectly_movable<iterator_t<R>, O>
      constexpr move_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O> move(R&& r, O result);
  }
  template<class BidirectionalIter1, class BidirectionalIter2>
    constexpr BidirectionalIter2
      move_backward(BidirectionalIter1 first, BidirectionalIter1 last,
                    BidirectionalIter2 result);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I1, class I2>
      using move_backward_result = in_out_result<I1, I2>;
    template<bidirectional_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, bidirectional_iterator I2>
      requires indirectly_movable<I1, I2>
      constexpr move_backward_result<I1, I2>
        move_backward(I1 first, S1 last, I2 result);
    template<bidirectional_range R, bidirectional_iterator I>
      requires indirectly_movable<iterator_t<R>, I>
      constexpr move_backward_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, I>
        move_backward(R&& r, I result);
  }
  // échanger
  template<class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    constexpr ForwardIter2 swap_ranges(ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                                       ForwardIter2 first2);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    ForwardIter2 swap_ranges(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                             ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                             ForwardIter2 first2);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I1, class I2>
      using swap_ranges_result = in_in_result<I1, I2>;
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1,
             input_iterator I2, sentinel_for<I2> S2>
      requires indirectly_swappable<I1, I2>
      constexpr swap_ranges_result<I1, I2>
        swap_ranges(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2);
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2>
      requires indirectly_swappable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>>
      constexpr swap_ranges_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R1>, borrowed_iterator_t<R2>>
        swap_ranges(R1&& r1, R2&& r2);
  }
  template<class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    constexpr void iter_swap(ForwardIter1 a, ForwardIter2 b);
  // transform
  template<class InputIter, class OutputIter, class UnaryOperation>
    constexpr OutputIter
      transform(InputIter first1, InputIter last1,
                OutputIter result, UnaryOperation op);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class OutputIter,
           class BinaryOperation>
    constexpr OutputIter
      transform(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                InputIter2 first2, OutputIter result,
                BinaryOperation binary_op);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class UnaryOperation>
    ForwardIter2
      transform(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                ForwardIter2 result, UnaryOperation op);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class ForwardIter, class BinaryOperation>
    ForwardIter
      transform(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter result,
                BinaryOperation binary_op);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O>
      using unary_transform_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, weakly_incrementable O,
             copy_constructible F, class Proj = identity>
      requires indirectly_writable<O, indirect_result_t<F&, projected<I, Proj>>>
      constexpr unary_transform_result<I, O>
        transform(I first1, S last1, O result, F op, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, weakly_incrementable O,
             copy_constructible F, class Proj = identity>
      requires
        indirectly_writable<O, indirect_result_t<F&, projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>>>
      constexpr unary_transform_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>
        transform(R&& r, O result, F op, Proj proj = {});
    template<class I1, class I2, class O>
      using binary_transform_result = in_in_out_result<I1, I2, O>;
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, weakly_incrementable O, copy_constructible F,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_writable<O, indirect_result_t<F&, projected<I1, Proj1>,
                                                        projected<I2, Proj2>>>
      constexpr binary_transform_result<I1, I2, O>
        transform(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result,
                  F binary_op, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2, weakly_incrementable O,
             copy_constructible F, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_writable
                   <O, indirect_result_t<F&, projected<iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>, 
                                         projected<iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>>>
      constexpr binary_transform_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R1>,
                                        borrowed_iterator_t<R2>, O>
        transform(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, O result,
                  F binary_op, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  // remplacer
  template<class ForwardIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    constexpr void replace(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                           const T& old_value, const T& new_value);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    void replace(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                 ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                 const T& old_value, const T& new_value);
  template<class ForwardIter, class Pred,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    constexpr void replace_if(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                              Pred pred, const T& new_value);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Pred,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    void replace_if(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                    ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                    Pred pred, const T& new_value);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Proj = identity, class T1 = projected_value_t<I, Proj>, class T2 = T1>
      requires indirectly_writable<I, const T2&> &&
               indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, projected<I, Proj>, const T1*>
      constexpr I replace(I first, S last, const T1& old_value,
                          const T2& new_value, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             class T1 = projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>, class T2 = T1>
      requires indirectly_writable<iterator_t<R>, const T2&> &&
               indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to,
                                         projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T1*>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R> replace(R&& r, const T1& old_value,
                                               const T2& new_value, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<I, Proj>,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      requires indirectly_writable<I, const T&>
      constexpr I replace_if(I first, S last, Pred pred,
                             const T& new_value, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      requires indirectly_writable<iterator_t<R>, const T&>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R> replace_if(R&& r, Pred pred,
                                                  const T& new_value, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class InputIter, class OutputIter, class T>
    constexpr OutputIter replace_copy(InputIter first, InputIter last, OutputIter result,
                                      const T& old_value, const T& new_value);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2, class T>
    ForwardIter2 replace_copy(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                              ForwardIter1 first, ForwardIter1 last, ForwardIter2 result,
                              const T& old_value, const T& new_value);
  template<class InputIter, class OutputIter, class Pred,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<OutputIter>::value_type>
    constexpr OutputIter replace_copy_if(InputIter first, InputIter last,
                                         OutputIter result,
                                         Pred pred, const T& new_value);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class Pred, class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter2>::value_type>
    ForwardIter2 replace_copy_if(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                                 ForwardIter1 first, ForwardIter1 last,
                                 ForwardIter2 result,
                                 Pred pred, const T& new_value);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O>
      using replace_copy_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class O, class Proj = identity,
             class T1 = projected_value_t<I, Proj>, class T2 = iter_value_t<O>>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I, O> &&
               indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to,
                                         projected<I, Proj>, const T1*> &&
               output_iterator<O, const T2&>
      constexpr replace_copy_result<I, O>
        replace_copy(I first, S last, O result, const T1& old_value,
                     const T2& new_value, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class O, class Proj = identity,
             class T1 = projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>,
             class T2 = iter_value_t<O>>
      requires indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, O> &&
               indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to,
                                         projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T1*> &&
               output_iterator<O, const T2&>
      constexpr replace_copy_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>
        replace_copy(R&& r, O result, const T1& old_value,
                     const T2& new_value, Proj proj = {});
    template<class I, class O>
      using replace_copy_if_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class O, class T = iter_value_t<O>,
             class Proj = identity, indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I, O> && output_iterator<O, const T&>
      constexpr replace_copy_if_result<I, O>
        replace_copy_if(I first, S last, O result, Pred pred,
                        const T& new_value, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class O, class T = iter_value_t<O>, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      requires indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, O> && output_iterator<O, const T&>
      constexpr replace_copy_if_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>
        replace_copy_if(R&& r, O result, Pred pred,
                        const T& new_value, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // remplir
  template<class ForwardIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    constexpr void fill(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, const T& value);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    void fill(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
              ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, const T& value);
  template<class OutputIter, class Size,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<OutputIter>::value_type>
    constexpr OutputIter fill_n(OutputIter first, Size n, const T& value);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter,
           class Size, class T = typename iterator_traits<OutputIter>::value_type>
    ForwardIter fill_n(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                       ForwardIter first, Size n, const T& value);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class O, sentinel_for<O> S, class T = iter_value_t<O>>
      requires output_iterator<O, const T&>
      constexpr O fill(O first, S last, const T& value);
    template<class R, class T = range_value_t<R>>
      requires output_range<R, const T&>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R> fill(R&& r, const T& value);
    template<class O, class T = iter_value_t<O>>
      requires output_iterator<O, const T&>
      constexpr O fill_n(O first, iter_difference_t<O> n, const T& value);
  }
  // générer
  template<class ForwardIter, class Generator>
    constexpr void generate(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Generator gen);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Generator>
    void generate(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                  ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Generator gen);
  template<class OutputIter, class Size, class Generator>
    constexpr OutputIter generate_n(OutputIter first, Size n, Generator gen);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Size, class Generator>
    ForwardIter generate_n(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                           ForwardIter first, Size n, Generator gen);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_or_output_iterator O, sentinel_for<O> S, copy_constructible F>
      requires invocable<F&> && indirectly_writable<O, invoke_result_t<F&>>
      constexpr O generate(O first, S last, F gen);
    template<class R, copy_constructible F>
      requires invocable<F&> && output_range<R, invoke_result_t<F&>>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R> generate(R&& r, F gen);
    template<input_or_output_iterator O, copy_constructible F>
      requires invocable<F&> && indirectly_writable<O, invoke_result_t<F&>>
      constexpr O generate_n(O first, iter_difference_t<O> n, F gen);
  }
  // supprimer
  template<class ForwardIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    constexpr ForwardIter remove(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, const T& value);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    ForwardIter remove(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                       ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, const T& value);
  template<class ForwardIter, class Pred>
    constexpr ForwardIter remove_if(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Pred>
    ForwardIter remove_if(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                          ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<permutable I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<I, Proj>>
      requires indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
      constexpr subrange<I> remove(I first, S last, const T& value, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>>
      requires permutable<iterator_t<R>> &&
               indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to,
                                         projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R> remove(R&& r, const T& value, Proj proj = {});
    template<permutable I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr subrange<I> remove_if(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      requires permutable<iterator_t<R>>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R> remove_if(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class InputIter, class OutputIter,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<InputIter>::value_type>
    constexpr OutputIter remove_copy(InputIter first, InputIter last,
                                     OutputIter result, const T& value);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter1>::value_type>
    ForwardIter2 remove_copy(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                             ForwardIter1 first, ForwardIter1 last,
                             ForwardIter2 result, const T& value);
  template<class InputIter, class OutputIter, class Pred>
    constexpr OutputIter remove_copy_if(InputIter first, InputIter last,
                                        OutputIter result, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2, class Pred>
    ForwardIter2 remove_copy_if(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                                ForwardIter1 first, ForwardIter1 last,
                                ForwardIter2 result, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O>
      using remove_copy_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, weakly_incrementable O,
             class Proj = identity, class T = projected_value_t<I, Proj>>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I, O> &&
               indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to, projected<I, Proj>, const T*>
      constexpr remove_copy_result<I, O>
        remove_copy(I first, S last, O result, const T& value, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>>
      requires indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, O> &&
               indirect_binary_predicate<ranges::equal_to,
                                         projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>, const T*>
      constexpr remove_copy_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>
        remove_copy(R&& r, O result, const T& value, Proj proj = {});
    template<class I, class O>
      using remove_copy_if_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, weakly_incrementable O,
             class Proj = identity, indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I, O>
      constexpr remove_copy_if_result<I, O>
        remove_copy_if(I first, S last, O result, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      requires indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, O>
      constexpr remove_copy_if_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>
        remove_copy_if(R&& r, O result, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // unique
  template<class ForwardIter>
    constexpr ForwardIter unique(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ForwardIter, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr ForwardIter unique(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, BinaryPred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter unique(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                       ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class BinaryPred>
    ForwardIter unique(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                       ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, BinaryPred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<permutable I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_equivalence_relation<projected<I, Proj>> C = ranges::equal_to>
      constexpr subrange<I> unique(I first, S last, C comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_equivalence_relation
                 <projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> C = ranges::equal_to>
      requires permutable<iterator_t<R>>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R> unique(R&& r, C comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class InputIter, class OutputIter>
    constexpr OutputIter unique_copy(InputIter first, InputIter last,
                                     OutputIter result);
  template<class InputIter, class OutputIter, class BinaryPred>
    constexpr OutputIter unique_copy(InputIter first, InputIter last,
                                     OutputIter result, BinaryPred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    ForwardIter2 unique_copy(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                             ForwardIter1 first, ForwardIter1 last,
                             ForwardIter2 result);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class BinaryPred>
    ForwardIter2 unique_copy(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                             ForwardIter1 first, ForwardIter1 last,
                             ForwardIter2 result, BinaryPred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O>
      using unique_copy_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_equivalence_relation<projected<I, Proj>> C = ranges::equal_to>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I, O> &&
               (forward_iterator<I> ||
                (input_iterator<O> && same_as<iter_value_t<I>, iter_value_t<O>>) ||
                indirectly_copyable_storable<I, O>)
      constexpr unique_copy_result<I, O>
        unique_copy(I first, S last, O result, C comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, weakly_incrementable O, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_equivalence_relation
                 <projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> C = ranges::equal_to>
      requires indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, O> &&
               (forward_iterator<iterator_t<R>> ||
                (input_iterator<O> && same_as<range_value_t<R>, iter_value_t<O>>) ||
                indirectly_copyable_storable<iterator_t<R>, O>)
      constexpr unique_copy_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>
        unique_copy(R&& r, O result, C comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // inverser
  template<class BidirectionalIter>
    constexpr void reverse(BidirectionalIter first, BidirectionalIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class BidirectionalIter>
    void reverse(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                 BidirectionalIter first, BidirectionalIter last);
  namespace ranges {
    template<bidirectional_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S>
      requires permutable<I>
      constexpr I reverse(I first, S last);
    template<bidirectional_range R>
      requires permutable<iterator_t<R>>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R> reverse(R&& r);
  }
  template<class BidirectionalIter, class OutputIter>
    constexpr OutputIter reverse_copy(BidirectionalIter first, BidirectionalIter last,
                                      OutputIter result);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class BidirectionalIter, class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter reverse_copy(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                             BidirectionalIter first, BidirectionalIter last,
                             ForwardIter result);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O>
      using reverse_copy_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<bidirectional_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, weakly_incrementable O>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I, O>
      constexpr reverse_copy_result<I, O>
        reverse_copy(I first, S last, O result);
    template<bidirectional_range R, weakly_incrementable O>
      requires indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, O>
      constexpr reverse_copy_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>
        reverse_copy(R&& r, O result);
  }
  // rotation
  template<class ForwardIter>
    constexpr ForwardIter rotate(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter middle, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter rotate(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                       ForwardIter first, ForwardIter middle, ForwardIter last);
  namespace ranges {
    template<permutable I, sentinel_for<I> S>
      constexpr subrange<I> rotate(I first, I middle, S last);
    template<forward_range R>
      requires permutable<iterator_t<R>>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R> rotate(R&& r, iterator_t<R> middle);
  }
  template<class ForwardIter, class OutputIter>
    constexpr OutputIter rotate_copy(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter middle,
                                     ForwardIter last, OutputIter result);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    ForwardIter2 rotate_copy(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                             ForwardIter1 first, ForwardIter1 middle,
                             ForwardIter1 last, ForwardIter2 result);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O>
      using rotate_copy_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, weakly_incrementable O>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I, O>
      constexpr rotate_copy_result<I, O>
        rotate_copy(I first, I middle, S last, O result);
    template<forward_range R, weakly_incrementable O>
      requires indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, O>
      constexpr rotate_copy_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>
        rotate_copy(R&& r, iterator_t<R> middle, O result);
  }
  // échantillon
  template<class PopulationIter, class SampleIter,
           class Distance, class UniformRandomBitGenerator>
    SampleIter sample(PopulationIter first, PopulationIter last,
                      SampleIter out, Distance n, UniformRandomBitGenerator&& g);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             weakly_incrementable O, class Gen>
      requires (forward_iterator<I> || random_access_iterator<O>) &&
               indirectly_copyable<I, O> &&
               uniform_random_bit_generator<remove_reference_t<Gen>>
      O sample(I first, S last, O out, iter_difference_t<I> n, Gen&& g);
    template<input_range R, weakly_incrementable O, class Gen>
      requires (forward_range<R> || random_access_iterator<O>) &&
               indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, O> &&
               uniform_random_bit_generator<remove_reference_t<Gen>>
      O sample(R&& r, O out, range_difference_t<R> n, Gen&& g);
  }
  // mélanger
  template<class RandomAccessIter, class UniformRandomBitGenerator>
    void shuffle(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last,
                 UniformRandomBitGenerator&& g);
  namespace ranges {
    template<random_access_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Gen>
      requires permutable<I> &&
               uniform_random_bit_generator<remove_reference_t<Gen>>
      I shuffle(I first, S last, Gen&& g);
    template<random_access_range R, class Gen>
      requires permutable<iterator_t<R>> &&
               uniform_random_bit_generator<remove_reference_t<Gen>>
      borrowed_iterator_t<R> shuffle(R&& r, Gen&& g);
  }
  // décalage
  template<class ForwardIter>
    constexpr ForwardIter
      shift_left(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                 typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::difference_type n);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter
      shift_left(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                 ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                 typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::difference_type n);
  namespace ranges {
    template<permutable I, sentinel_for<I> S>
      constexpr subrange<I> shift_left(I first, S last, iter_difference_t<I> n);
    template<forward_range R>
      requires permutable<iterator_t<R>>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R> shift_left(R&& r, range_difference_t<R> n);
  }
  template<class ForwardIter>
    constexpr ForwardIter
      shift_right(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                  typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::difference_type n);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter
      shift_right(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                  ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                  typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::difference_type n);
  namespace ranges {
    template<permutable I, sentinel_for<I> S>
      constexpr subrange<I> shift_right(I first, S last, iter_difference_t<I> n);
    template<forward_range R>
      requires permutable<iterator_t<R>>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R> shift_right(R&& r, range_difference_t<R> n);
  }
  // tri et opérations associées
  // tri
  template<class RandomAccessIter>
    constexpr void sort(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    constexpr void sort(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomAccessIter>
    void sort(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
              RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    void sort(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
              RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<random_access_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr I sort(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<random_access_range R, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R> sort(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class RandomAccessIter>
    void stable_sort(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last);               // hébergé
  template<class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    void stable_sort(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last, Compare comp); // hébergé
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomAccessIter>
    void stable_sort(ExecutionPolicy&& exec,                                       // hébergé
                     RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    void stable_sort(ExecutionPolicy&& exec,                                       // hébergé
                     RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<random_access_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
      I stable_sort(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});              // hébergé
    template<random_access_range R, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      borrowed_iterator_t<R> stable_sort(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});   // hébergé
  }
  template<class RandomAccessIter>
    constexpr void partial_sort(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter middle,
                                RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    constexpr void partial_sort(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter middle,
                                RandomAccessIter last, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomAccessIter>
    void partial_sort(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                      RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter middle,
                      RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    void partial_sort(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                      RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter middle,
                      RandomAccessIter last, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<random_access_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr I
        partial_sort(I first, I middle, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<random_access_range R, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        partial_sort(R&& r, iterator_t<R> middle, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class InputIter, class RandomAccessIter>
    constexpr RandomAccessIter
      partial_sort_copy(InputIter first, InputIter last,
                        RandomAccessIter result_first,
                        RandomAccessIter result_last);
  template<class InputIter, class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    constexpr RandomAccessIter
      partial_sort_copy(InputIter first, InputIter last,
                        RandomAccessIter result_first,
                        RandomAccessIter result_last, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class RandomAccessIter>
    RandomAccessIter
      partial_sort_copy(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                        ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                        RandomAccessIter result_first,
                        RandomAccessIter result_last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class RandomAccessIter,
           class Compare>
    RandomAccessIter
      partial_sort_copy(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                        ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                        RandomAccessIter result_first,
                        RandomAccessIter result_last, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O>
      using partial_sort_copy_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1,
             random_access_iterator I2, sentinel_for<I2> S2,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I1, I2> && sortable<I2, Comp, Proj2> &&
               indirect_strict_weak_order<Comp, projected<I1, Proj1>,
                                          projected<I2, Proj2>>
      constexpr partial_sort_copy_result<I1, I2>
        partial_sort_copy(I1 first, S1 last, I2 result_first, S2 result_last,
                          Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, random_access_range R2, class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>> &&
               sortable<iterator_t<R2>, Comp, Proj2> &&
               indirect_strict_weak_order<Comp, projected<iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,
                                          projected<iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>>
      constexpr partial_sort_copy_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R1>, borrowed_iterator_t<R2>>
        partial_sort_copy(R1&& r, R2&& result_r, Comp comp = {},
                          Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  template<class ForwardIter>
    constexpr bool is_sorted(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    constexpr bool is_sorted(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter>
    bool is_sorted(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                   ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    bool is_sorted(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                   ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr bool is_sorted(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr bool is_sorted(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class ForwardIter>
    constexpr ForwardIter is_sorted_until(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    constexpr ForwardIter is_sorted_until(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                                          Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter is_sorted_until(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                                ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    ForwardIter is_sorted_until(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                                ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                                Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr I is_sorted_until(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        is_sorted_until(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // Élément N-ième
  template<class RandomAccessIter>
    constexpr void nth_element(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter nth,
                               RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    constexpr void nth_element(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter nth,
                               RandomAccessIter last, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomAccessIter>
    void nth_element(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                     RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter nth,
                     RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    void nth_element(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                     RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter nth,
                     RandomAccessIter last, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<random_access_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr I
        nth_element(I first, I nth, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<random_access_range R, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        nth_element(R&& r, iterator_t<R> nth, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // recherche binaire
  template<class ForwardIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    constexpr ForwardIter lower_bound(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                                      const T& value);
  template<class ForwardIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type,
           class Compare>
    constexpr ForwardIter lower_bound(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                                      const T& value, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<I, Proj>,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<const T*, projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr I
          lower_bound(I first, S last, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <const T*, projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        lower_bound(R&& r, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class ForwardIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    constexpr ForwardIter upper_bound(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                                      const T& value);
  template<class ForwardIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type,
           class Compare>
    constexpr ForwardIter upper_bound(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                                      const T& value, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<I, Proj>,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<const T*, projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr I
          upper_bound(I first, S last, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class T, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <const T*, projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        upper_bound(R&& r, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class ForwardIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    constexpr pair<ForwardIter, ForwardIter>
      equal_range(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, const T& value);
  template<class ForwardIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type,
           class Compare>
    constexpr pair<ForwardIter, ForwardIter>
      equal_range(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, const T& value, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<I, Proj>,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<const T*, projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr subrange<I>
        equal_range(I first, S last, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <const T*, projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R>
        equal_range(R&& r, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class ForwardIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type>
    constexpr bool binary_search(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                                 const T& value);
  template<class ForwardIter, class T = typename iterator_traits<ForwardIter>::value_type,
           class Compare>
    constexpr bool binary_search(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                                 const T& value, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<I, Proj>,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<const T*, projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr bool binary_search(I first, S last, const T& value,
                                   Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             class T = projected_value_t<iterator_t<R>, Proj>,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <const T*, projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr bool binary_search(R&& r, const T& value, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // partitions
  template<class InputIter, class Pred>
    constexpr bool is_partitioned(InputIter first, InputIter last, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Pred>
    bool is_partitioned(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                        ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr bool is_partitioned(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr bool is_partitioned(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class ForwardIter, class Pred>
    constexpr ForwardIter partition(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Pred>
    ForwardIter partition(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                          ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<permutable I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr subrange<I> partition(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      requires permutable<iterator_t<R>>
      constexpr borrowed_subrange_t<R> partition(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class BidirectionalIter, class Pred>
    BidirectionalIter stable_partition(BidirectionalIter first,                  // hébergé
                                       BidirectionalIter last, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class BidirectionalIter, class Pred>
    BidirectionalIter stable_partition(ExecutionPolicy&& exec,                   // hébergé
                                       BidirectionalIter first,
                                       BidirectionalIter last, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<bidirectional_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      requires permutable<I>
      subrange<I> stable_partition(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});  // hébergé
    template<bidirectional_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      requires permutable<iterator_t<R>>
      borrowed_subrange_t<R> stable_partition(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {}); // hébergé
  }
  template<class InputIter, class OutputIter1,
           class OutputIter2, class Pred>
    constexpr pair<OutputIter1, OutputIter2>
      partition_copy(InputIter first, InputIter last,
                     OutputIter1 out_true, OutputIter2 out_false, Pred pred);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class ForwardIter1,
           class ForwardIter2, class Pred>
    pair<ForwardIter1, ForwardIter2>
      partition_copy(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                     ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                     ForwardIter1 out_true, ForwardIter2 out_false, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O1, class O2>
      using partition_copy_result = in_out_out_result<I, O1, O2>;
    template<input_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             weakly_incrementable O1, weakly_incrementable O2,
             class Proj = identity, indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      requires indirectly_copyable<I, O1> && indirectly_copyable<I, O2>
      constexpr partition_copy_result<I, O1, O2>
        partition_copy(I first, S last, O1 out_true, O2 out_false,
                       Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, weakly_incrementable O1, weakly_incrementable O2,
             class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      requires indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, O1> &&
               indirectly_copyable<iterator_t<R>, O2>
      constexpr partition_copy_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O1, O2>
        partition_copy(R&& r, O1 out_true, O2 out_false, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class ForwardIter, class Pred>
    constexpr ForwardIter
      partition_point(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Pred pred);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<I, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr I partition_point(I first, S last, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_unary_predicate<projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Pred>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        partition_point(R&& r, Pred pred, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // fusionner
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class OutputIter>
    constexpr OutputIter merge(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                               InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2, OutputIter result);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class OutputIter,
           class Compare>
    constexpr OutputIter merge(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                               InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2,
                               OutputIter result, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter merge(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                      ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                      ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2, ForwardIter result);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    ForwardIter merge(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                      ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                      ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
                      ForwardIter result, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I1, class I2, class O>
      using merge_result = in_in_out_result<I1, I2, O>;
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, weakly_incrementable O, class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires mergeable<I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr merge_result<I1, I2, O>
        merge(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result,
              Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2, weakly_incrementable O,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires mergeable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr merge_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R1>, borrowed_iterator_t<R2>, O>
        merge(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, O result,
              Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  template<class BidirectionalIter>
    void inplace_merge(BidirectionalIter first, BidirectionalIter middle,         // hébergé
                       BidirectionalIter last);
  template<class BidirectionalIter, class Compare>
    void inplace_merge(BidirectionalIter first, BidirectionalIter middle,         // hébergé
                       BidirectionalIter last, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class BidirectionalIter>
    void inplace_merge(ExecutionPolicy&& exec,                                    // hébergé
                       BidirectionalIter first, BidirectionalIter middle,
                       BidirectionalIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class BidirectionalIter, class Compare>
    void inplace_merge(ExecutionPolicy&& exec,                                    // hébergé
                       BidirectionalIter first, BidirectionalIter middle,
                       BidirectionalIter last, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<bidirectional_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
      I inplace_merge(I first, I middle, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}); // hébergé
    template<bidirectional_range R, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      borrowed_iterator_t<R> inplace_merge(R&& r, iterator_t<R> middle,           // hébergé
                                           Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // opérations sur les ensembles
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2>
    constexpr bool includes(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                            InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class Compare>
    constexpr bool includes(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                            InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    bool includes(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                  ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                  ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2, class Compare>
    bool includes(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                  ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                  ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<I1, Proj1>, projected<I2, Proj2>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr bool includes(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, Comp comp = {},
                              Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,
                  projected<iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr bool includes(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Comp comp = {},
                              Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class OutputIter>
    constexpr OutputIter set_union(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                                   InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2,
                                   OutputIter result);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class OutputIter, class Compare>
    constexpr OutputIter set_union(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                                   InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2,
                                   OutputIter result, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter set_union(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                          ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                          ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
                          ForwardIter result);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    ForwardIter set_union(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                          ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                          ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
                          ForwardIter result, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I1, class I2, class O>
      using set_union_result = in_in_out_result<I1, I2, O>;
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, weakly_incrementable O, class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires mergeable<I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr set_union_result<I1, I2, O>
        set_union(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result, Comp comp = {},
                  Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2, weakly_incrementable O,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires mergeable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr set_union_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R1>, borrowed_iterator_t<R2>, O>
        set_union(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, O result, Comp comp = {},
                  Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class OutputIter>
    constexpr OutputIter set_intersection(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                                          InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2,
                                          OutputIter result);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class OutputIter, class Compare>
    constexpr OutputIter set_intersection(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                                          InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2,
                                          OutputIter result, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter set_intersection(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                                 ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                                 ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
                                 ForwardIter result);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    ForwardIter set_intersection(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                                 ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                                 ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
                                 ForwardIter result, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I1, class I2, class O>
      using set_intersection_result = in_in_out_result<I1, I2, O>;
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, weakly_incrementable O, class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires mergeable<I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr set_intersection_result<I1, I2, O>
        set_intersection(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result,
                         Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2, weakly_incrementable O,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires mergeable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr set_intersection_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R1>,
                                        borrowed_iterator_t<R2>, O>
        set_intersection(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, O result,
                         Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class OutputIter>
    constexpr OutputIter set_difference(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                                        InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2,
                                        OutputIter result);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class OutputIter, class Compare>
    constexpr OutputIter set_difference(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                                        InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2,
                                        OutputIter result, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter set_difference(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                               ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                               ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
                               ForwardIter result);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    ForwardIter set_difference(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                               ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                               ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
                               ForwardIter result, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I, class O>
      using set_difference_result = in_out_result<I, O>;
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, weakly_incrementable O, class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires mergeable<I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr set_difference_result<I1, O>
        set_difference(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result,
                       Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2, weakly_incrementable O,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires mergeable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr set_difference_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R1>, O>
        set_difference(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, O result,
                       Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class OutputIter>
    constexpr OutputIter set_symmetric_difference(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                                                  InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2,
                                                  OutputIter result);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class OutputIter, class Compare>
    constexpr OutputIter set_symmetric_difference(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                                                  InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2,
                                                  OutputIter result, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter set_symmetric_difference(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                                         ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                                         ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
                                         ForwardIter result);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    ForwardIter set_symmetric_difference(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                                         ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                                         ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
                                         ForwardIter result, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I1, class I2, class O>
      using set_symmetric_difference_result = in_in_out_result<I1, I2, O>;
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, weakly_incrementable O, class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires mergeable<I1, I2, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr set_symmetric_difference_result<I1, I2, O>
        set_symmetric_difference(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result,
                                 Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2, weakly_incrementable O,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity>
      requires mergeable<iterator_t<R1>, iterator_t<R2>, O, Comp, Proj1, Proj2>
      constexpr set_symmetric_difference_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R1>,
                                                borrowed_iterator_t<R2>, O>
        set_symmetric_difference(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, O result, Comp comp = {},
                                 Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  // opérations de tas
  template<class RandomAccessIter>
    constexpr void push_heap(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    constexpr void push_heap(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last,
                             Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<random_access_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr I push_heap(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<random_access_range R, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R> push_heap(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class RandomAccessIter>
    constexpr void pop_heap(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    constexpr void pop_heap(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last,
                            Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<random_access_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr I pop_heap(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<random_access_range R, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R> pop_heap(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class RandomAccessIter>
    constexpr void make_heap(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    constexpr void make_heap(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last,
                             Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<random_access_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr I make_heap(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<random_access_range R, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R> make_heap(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class RandomAccessIter>
    constexpr void sort_heap(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    constexpr void sort_heap(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last,
                             Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<random_access_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr I sort_heap(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<random_access_range R, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R> sort_heap(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class RandomAccessIter>
    constexpr bool is_heap(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    constexpr bool is_heap(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last,
                           Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomAccessIter>
    bool is_heap(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                 RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    bool is_heap(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                 RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<random_access_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr bool is_heap(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<random_access_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr bool is_heap(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class RandomAccessIter>
    constexpr RandomAccessIter
      is_heap_until(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    constexpr RandomAccessIter
      is_heap_until(RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomAccessIter>
    RandomAccessIter
      is_heap_until(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                    RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class RandomAccessIter, class Compare>
    RandomAccessIter
      is_heap_until(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                    RandomAccessIter first, RandomAccessIter last, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<random_access_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr I is_heap_until(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<random_access_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        is_heap_until(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // minimum et maximum
  template<class T> constexpr const T& min(const T& a, const T& b);
  template<class T, class Compare>
    constexpr const T& min(const T& a, const T& b, Compare comp);
  template<class T>
    constexpr T min(initializer_list<T> t);
  template<class T, class Compare>
    constexpr T min(initializer_list<T> t, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class T, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr const T& min(const T& a, const T& b, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<copyable T, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr T min(initializer_list<T> r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      requires indirectly_copyable_storable<iterator_t<R>, range_value_t<R>*>
      constexpr range_value_t<R> min(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class T> constexpr const T& max(const T& a, const T& b);
  template<class T, class Compare>
    constexpr const T& max(const T& a, const T& b, Compare comp);
  template<class T>
    constexpr T max(initializer_list<T> t);
  template<class T, class Compare>
    constexpr T max(initializer_list<T> t, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class T, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr const T& max(const T& a, const T& b, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<copyable T, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr T max(initializer_list<T> r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      requires indirectly_copyable_storable<iterator_t<R>, range_value_t<R>*>
      constexpr range_value_t<R> max(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class T> constexpr pair<const T&, const T&> minmax(const T& a, const T& b);
  template<class T, class Compare>
    constexpr pair<const T&, const T&> minmax(const T& a, const T& b, Compare comp);
  template<class T>
    constexpr pair<T, T> minmax(initializer_list<T> t);
  template<class T, class Compare>
    constexpr pair<T, T> minmax(initializer_list<T> t, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class T>
      using minmax_result = min_max_result<T>;
    template<class T, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr minmax_result<const T&>
        minmax(const T& a, const T& b, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<copyable T, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr minmax_result<T>
        minmax(initializer_list<T> r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<input_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      requires indirectly_copyable_storable<iterator_t<R>, range_value_t<R>*>
      constexpr minmax_result<range_value_t<R>>
        minmax(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class ForwardIter>
    constexpr ForwardIter min_element(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    constexpr ForwardIter min_element(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                                      Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter min_element(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                            ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    ForwardIter min_element(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                            ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                            Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr I min_element(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        min_element(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class ForwardIter>
    constexpr ForwardIter max_element(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    constexpr ForwardIter max_element(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                                      Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter>
    ForwardIter max_element(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                            ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    ForwardIter max_element(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                            ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last,
                            Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr I max_element(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        max_element(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class ForwardIter>
    constexpr pair<ForwardIter, ForwardIter>
      minmax_element(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    constexpr pair<ForwardIter, ForwardIter>
      minmax_element(ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter>
    pair<ForwardIter, ForwardIter>
      minmax_element(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                     ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter, class Compare>
    pair<ForwardIter, ForwardIter>
      minmax_element(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                     ForwardIter first, ForwardIter last, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I>
      using minmax_element_result = min_max_result<I>;
    template<forward_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<I, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr minmax_element_result<I>
        minmax_element(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<forward_range R, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<iterator_t<R>, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr minmax_element_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>>
        minmax_element(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // valeur bornée
  template<class T>
    constexpr const T& clamp(const T& v, const T& lo, const T& hi);
  template<class T, class Compare>
    constexpr const T& clamp(const T& v, const T& lo, const T& hi, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class T, class Proj = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order<projected<const T*, Proj>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr const T&
        clamp(const T& v, const T& lo, const T& hi, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  // comparaison lexicographique
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2>
    constexpr bool lexicographical_compare(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                                           InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2);
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class Compare>
    constexpr bool lexicographical_compare(InputIter1 first1, InputIter1 last1,
                                           InputIter2 first2, InputIter2 last2,
                                           Compare comp);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2>
    bool lexicographical_compare(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                                 ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                                 ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2);
  template<class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIter1, class ForwardIter2,
           class Compare>
    bool lexicographical_compare(ExecutionPolicy&& exec, // freestanding-deleted
                                 ForwardIter1 first1, ForwardIter1 last1,
                                 ForwardIter2 first2, ForwardIter2 last2,
                                 Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<input_iterator I1, sentinel_for<I1> S1, input_iterator I2,
             sentinel_for<I2> S2, class Proj1 = identity, class Proj2 = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<I1, Proj1>, projected<I2, Proj2>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr bool
        lexicographical_compare(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2,
                                Comp comp = {}, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
    template<input_range R1, input_range R2, class Proj1 = identity,
             class Proj2 = identity,
             indirect_strict_weak_order
                 <projected<iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,
                            projected<iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>> Comp = ranges::less>
      constexpr bool
        lexicographical_compare(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, Comp comp = {},
                                Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {});
  }
  // algorithmes de comparaison à trois voies
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2, class Cmp>
    constexpr auto lexicographical_compare_three_way(InputIter1 b1, InputIter1 e1,
                                                     InputIter2 b2, InputIter2 e2,
                                                     Cmp comp)
        -> decltype(comp(*b1, *b2));
  template<class InputIter1, class InputIter2>
    constexpr auto lexicographical_compare_three_way(InputIter1 b1, InputIter1 e1,
                                                     InputIter2 b2, InputIter2 e2);
  // permutations
  template<class BidirectionalIter>
    constexpr bool next_permutation(BidirectionalIter first,
                                    BidirectionalIter last);
  template<class BidirectionalIter, class Compare>
    constexpr bool next_permutation(BidirectionalIter first,
                                    BidirectionalIter last, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I>
      using next_permutation_result = in_found_result<I>;
    template<bidirectional_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr next_permutation_result<I>
        next_permutation(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<bidirectional_range R, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr next_permutation_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>>
        next_permutation(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
  template<class BidirectionalIter>
    constexpr bool prev_permutation(BidirectionalIter first,
                                    BidirectionalIter last);
  template<class BidirectionalIter, class Compare>
    constexpr bool prev_permutation(BidirectionalIter first,
                                    BidirectionalIter last, Compare comp);
  namespace ranges {
    template<class I>
      using prev_permutation_result = in_found_result<I>;
    template<bidirectional_iterator I, sentinel_for<I> S, class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr prev_permutation_result<I>
        prev_permutation(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
    template<bidirectional_range R, class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = identity>
      requires sortable<iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
      constexpr prev_permutation_result<borrowed_iterator_t<R>>
        prev_permutation(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {});
  }
}

Modèle de classe std::ranges::in_fun_result

namespace std::ranges {
  template<class I, class F>
  struct in_fun_result {
    [[no_unique_address]] I in;
    [[no_unique_address]] F fun;
    template<class I2, class F2>
      requires convertible_to<const I&, I2> && convertible_to<const F&, F2>
    constexpr operator in_fun_result<I2, F2>() const & {
      return {in, fun};
    }
    template<class I2, class F2>
      requires convertible_to<I, I2> && convertible_to<F, F2>
    constexpr operator in_fun_result<I2, F2>() && {
      return {std::move(in), std::move(fun)};
    }
  };
}

Modèle de classe std::ranges::in_in_result

namespace std::ranges {
  template<class I1, class I2>
  struct in_in_result {
    [[no_unique_address]] I1 in1;
    [[no_unique_address]] I2 in2;
    template<class II1, class II2>
      requires convertible_to<const I1&, II1> && convertible_to<const I2&, II2>
    constexpr operator in_in_result<II1, II2>() const & {
      return {in1, in2};
    }
    template<class II1, class II2>
      requires convertible_to<I1, II1> && convertible_to<I2, II2>
    constexpr operator in_in_result<II1, II2>() && {
      return {std::move(in1), std::move(in2)};
    }
  };
}
**Note:** Le code C++ n'a pas été traduit conformément aux instructions, car il se trouve dans des balises `
` et contient des termes spécifiques au C++. Seul le texte environnant (s'il y en avait) aurait été traduit en français.

Modèle de classe std::ranges::in_out_result

namespace std::ranges {
  template<class I, class O>
  struct in_out_result {
    [[no_unique_address]] I in;
    [[no_unique_address]] O out;
    template<class I2, class O2>
      requires convertible_to<const I&, I2> && convertible_to<const O&, O2>
    constexpr operator in_out_result<I2, O2>() const & {
      return {in, out};
    }
    template<class I2, class O2>
      requires convertible_to<I, I2> && convertible_to<O, O2>
    constexpr operator in_out_result<I2, O2>() && {
      return {std::move(in), std::move(out)};
    }
  };
}

Modèle de classe std::ranges::in_in_out_result

namespace std::ranges {
  template<class I1, class I2, class O>
  struct in_in_out_result {
    [[no_unique_address]] I1 in1;
    [[no_unique_address]] I2 in2;
    [[no_unique_address]] O  out;
    template<class II1, class II2, class OO>
      requires convertible_to<const I1&, II1> &&
               convertible_to<const I2&, II2> &&
               convertible_to<const O&, OO>
    constexpr operator in_in_out_result<II1, II2, OO>() const & {
      return {in1, in2, out};
    }
    template<class II1, class II2, class OO>
      requires convertible_to<I1, II1> &&
               convertible_to<I2, II2> &&
               convertible_to<O, OO>
    constexpr operator in_in_out_result<II1, II2, OO>() && {
      return {std::move(in1), std::move(in2), std::move(out)};
    }
  };
}

Modèle de classe std::ranges::in_out_out_result

namespace std::ranges {
  template<class I, class O1, class O2>
  struct in_out_out_result {
    [[no_unique_address]] I  in;
    [[no_unique_address]] O1 out1;
    [[no_unique_address]] O2 out2;
    template<class II, class OO1, class OO2>
      requires convertible_to<const I&, II> &&
               convertible_to<const O1&, OO1> &&
               convertible_to<const O2&, OO2>
    constexpr operator in_out_out_result<II, OO1, OO2>() const & {
      return {in, out1, out2};
    }
    template<class II, class OO1, class OO2>
      requires convertible_to<I, II> &&
               convertible_to<O1, OO1> &&
               convertible_to<O2, OO2>
    constexpr operator in_out_out_result<II, OO1, OO2>() && {
      return {std::move(in), std::move(out1), std::move(out2)};
    }
  };
}

Modèle de classe std::ranges::min_max_result

namespace std::ranges {
  template<class T>
  struct min_max_result {
    [[no_unique_address]] T min;
    [[no_unique_address]] T max;
    template<class T2>
      requires convertible_to<const T&, T2>
    constexpr operator min_max_result<T2>() const & {
      return {min, max};
    }
    template<class T2>
      requires convertible_to<T, T2>
    constexpr operator min_max_result<T2>() && {
      return {std::move(min), std::move(max)};
    }
  };
}

Modèle de classe std::ranges::in_found_result

namespace std::ranges {
  template<class I>
  struct in_found_result {
    [[no_unique_address]] I in;
    bool found;
    template<class I2>
      requires convertible_to<const I&, I2>
    constexpr operator in_found_result<I2>() const & {
      return {in, found};
    }
    template<class I2>
      requires convertible_to<I, I2>
    constexpr operator in_found_result<I2>() && {
      return {std::move(in), found};
    }
  };
}

Modèle de classe std::ranges::in_value_result

namespace std::ranges {
template<class I, class T>
  struct in_value_result {
    [[no_unique_address]] I in;
    [[no_unique_address]] T value;
    template<class I2, class T2>
      requires convertible_to<const I&, I2> && convertible_to<const T&, T2>
    constexpr operator in_value_result<I2, T2>() const & {
      return {in, value};
    }
    template<class I2, class T2>
      requires convertible_to<I, I2> && convertible_to<T, T2>
    constexpr operator in_value_result<I2, T2>() && {
      return {std::move(in), std::move(value)};
    }
  };
}

Modèle de classe std::ranges::out_value_result

namespace std::ranges {
template<class O, class T>
  struct out_value_result {
    [[no_unique_address]] O out;
    [[no_unique_address]] T value;
    template<class O2, class T2>
      requires convertible_to<const O&, O2> && convertible_to<const T&, T2>
    constexpr operator out_value_result<O2, T2>() const & {
      return {out, value};
    }
    template<class O2, class T2>
      requires convertible_to<O, O2> && convertible_to<T, T2>
    constexpr operator out_value_result<O2, T2>() && {
      return {std::move(out), std::move(value)};
    }
  };
}